実験統計法１
博士前期課程言語科学研究科
MFLG7270
コース情報
担当教員: 渡部 良典
単位数: 2
年度: 2024
学期: 春学期
曜限: 金2
形式: 対面授業
レベル: 500
アクティブラーニング: あり
他学部履修: 可
評価方法
出席状況
授業参加
リアクションペーパー
レポート
その他
Assessment Students will be asked to analyze sample or self-collected data to produce basic statistics and carry out inferential statistics (e.g., correlation, t-test, ANOVA, regression, Chi-square, etc.)
詳細情報
概要
定量的データを統計的に分析するための基礎知識を身につけるためのコース。統計について全く素人,しかし論文作成のために必要という学生を想定。エクセル,SPSSなどのソフトを使いながらデータ分析の実習も含む。「実験統計法１」を履修している必要はありません。 コースの内容と進め方は,履修生の希望によって変更することがあります。Content and sequencing may be subject to change according to the level of expertise and expectations of students. The purpose of the course is to provide students with the basic knowledge and skills to carry out the research involving quantitative data collection and analyses. In so doing, they will develop the skills of using statistical software, such as EXCEL and SPSS among others. Assuming no prior knowledge in mathematics or statistics, students are introduced to various quantitative research methods by designing, analyzing and interpreting data. Statistical analyses are explained and illustrated with examples from published research with which students will already be familiar. The course provides students with guidance on using, analyzing and interpreting statistics and methodologies in empirical work. The course explores different types of research and explains how to choose a methodology, provides clear explanations of statistical and mathematical terms, builds confidence and skills through hand-on exercises and examples. Assuming little previous knowledge about methodology and statistics, the course will help students to acquire and strengthen their understanding by practicing what they have learnt and feel comfortable with applying the expertise to their own work.
目標
By the end of the term, students will be able to: 1) Use the basic statistical concepts: i.e., standardized scores, means, standard deviation, and standard errors of measurement. 2) Compute basic statistics by using statistics software (e.g., EXCEL and SPSS); 3) Understand how to use various types of statistics appropriately for a given purpose.
授業外の学習
Students will be asked to practice analyzing data by statistics software.
所要時間: 190分
スケジュール
- 応用言語学研究の中で統計を使うことにはどのような意義があるのだろう Understanding the meaning of using statistics for research in applied linguistics The basics of research [Types of research] Hypothesis testing vs hypothesis generating // Description vs explanation // Non-experimental vs experimental // Process-oriented research vs product-oriented research // Longitudinal and cross-sectional research // Case studies vs group studies // Qualitative vs quantitative research // Naturalistic vs laboratory research //Comparing means // Assessing relations // Analyzing frequencies
- そもそも何を測定するのか Understanding the notion and types of variables and factors Research variables // Measurement of variables // Normal scale, Ordinal scale, Interval scale variables // Frequency data vs score data // Functions of variables // Dependent and independent, control and intervening independent variables
- 問題を解決するために実験を計画し,調査をデザインする Designing research Repeated-measures vs between-groups (randomized) designs // Mixed designs (Split-Plot designs) // Classification of designs // Studies with intact groups // One-shot design // One-group pretest-posttest design // Intact group – single control // Time-series designs // Experimental studies // Random assignment posttest // Control group pretest-posttest // Ex post facto designs
- データの収集と記録の仕方,グラフの使い方 Compiling and describing data Coding and displaying frequency data// Coding and counting values // Frequency relative frequency // Rates and rations // Coding numerical data //Data displays in graphs
- 記述統計 ー平均,そして一歩進んで標準偏差その他の基本統計を計算 understanding the basics of numerical Sadat - Descriptive statistics Describing datasets: Means and dispersion // A different view on variability //Frequency distributions [Describing interval and ordinal values] Measures of central tendency // Mode, median, mean //Central tendency and normal distribution //Range, variance, SD
- 平均がゼロだと想定するー正規分布と標準化得点 平均と標準偏差の意味と意義 Locating scores and finding scales in a distribution Locating scores in a distribution // Standardized scores // [Standardized scores and the normal distribution] z scores //T scores
- 仮説を検定する ー確率の問題 Probability and hypothesis testing procedures Probability of individual scores in a distribution //Steps in hypothesis testing //Distribution and choice of statistical procedures // Parametric and non-parametric procedures
- ２つの集団の差を比較する―有意差とは何か understanding the notion of "statistical significance" Comparing two groups: t-test //Sampling distribution of differences between means //Selecting the appropriate Nonparametric test
- ３つ以上の集団の差の比較Comparing between three or more groups Parametric /nonparametric choice //Parametric test for comparing three or more groups - One-way balanced ANOVA //Tests for locating differences among means//nonparametric tests for comparing three or more groups
- 関係性の考察 ー 「相関」を理解する Describing relationships - understanding the notion of "correlation" Relationships in nominal data// Chi-square procedure//Assumptions underlying chi-square //Interpreting chi-square //Strength of association //[Correlation] Measuring relationships// Pearson correlation //Interpreting the correlation coefficient //Factors affecting correlation [Correlations with non-continuous variables] Spearman’s rank-order correlation
- 回帰分析と多変量解析ー複雑な事象を解明するためにやや高度な統計を理解するRegression and other advanced statistical tests used in applied linguistics Linear regression// Multiple regression// Principal component analysis and factor analysis // Mutidimensional scaling //Path analysis// Loglinear and categorical modeling
- 統計を基礎とした研究の範囲と限界,定量データの質を検証するAssumptions of statistical tests Reliability of measurement // Estimating reliability // Limitations of statistics // Validity and reliability
- 研究課題の設定と統計を使った研究の条件 Defining and formulating the research questions Scope of research // Feasibility of research //Stating research questions and formulating hypotheses //Collecting research evidence //Internal and external validity // [Writing the research proposal and report] Variation in formats// Organizing the proposal and report// Introduction // Method //Results and discussion// Front and back matters
- 信頼区間と効果量 Confidence intervals and Effect sizes
教科書
All the materials will be distributed on Moodle prior to the class. 教材はMoodle上に掲載します。
参考書
Essential statistics for applied linguistics.
著者: Lowie, W. and Seton, B.
出版社: Palgrave Macmillan. (2013)
Essential statistics for applied linguistics
著者: Loerts, H. , Lowie, W., & Seton, B.
出版社: Macmillan (2020)
外国語教育研究ハンドブック―研究手法のより良い理解のために(増補版)
著者: 竹内理・水本篤(編)
出版社: 松柏社 (2023)